Health and Safety in Vietnam: Hospitals, Accidents, Diseases, and Essential Advice

Health and Safety in Vietnam: What You Need to Know

Traveling in Vietnam is an unforgettable adventure, but preparation in terms of health and safety is essential to fully enjoy your stay. This guide explains how hospitals work, what accident risks exist, which diseases to watch out for, and gives you practical advice to stay healthy.

Hospitals in Vietnam: What to Expect

In major cities like Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City, some hospitals are modern and well-equipped. You will find competent doctors, sometimes English-speaking, and facilities suitable for emergencies.

However, outside large cities, hospitals are often less well-equipped and medical staff do not always speak English or French. In case of a serious problem, it is advisable to reach a big city or, if necessary, consider evacuation to a neighboring country.

Accidents in Rural Areas: Be Careful

Vietnamese roads, especially in the countryside, can be dangerous. Traffic is sometimes chaotic, signage is rare, and it is not uncommon to encounter stray animals.

Scooter or motorcycle accidents are frequent, as are falls or injuries during walks or bike rides. It is therefore important to be very careful, wear a helmet, and avoid driving at night.

Common Diseases in Vietnam

The tropical climate and variable hygiene conditions expose travelers to certain diseases:

• Dengue, Zika, malaria: Transmitted by mosquitoes, especially in rural areas or during the rainy season.

• Japanese encephalitis: Present in rural areas, especially near rice fields.

• Hepatitis A and B, typhoid: Linked to contaminated water or food.

• Traveler's diarrhea: Common if you eat uncontrolled street food or drink tap water.

• Rabies: The risk exists, especially in case of contact with dogs or stray animals.

Skin Problems and Fungi in Vietnam: Understanding, Preventing, and Treating

Vietnam’s hot and humid tropical climate encourages the appearance of many skin problems, especially fungal infections.

These conditions affect both locals and travelers, especially during the rainy season or after prolonged exposure to heat and humidity.

Here is an overview of the main skin diseases and fungi you may encounter in Vietnam, how to recognize, prevent, and treat them.

Common Skin Diseases in Vietnam

Dermatitis and Eczema

Atopic dermatitis (or eczema) is common and can affect anyone, especially children. It manifests as itching, red patches, rough skin, or blisters. The most frequent forms are:

• Allergic contact dermatitis (reaction to allergens like cosmetics, chemicals, or insect bites)

• Weather-related dermatitis (seasonal changes, cold and dry air)

• Infected contact dermatitis (when blisters become infected, causing redness, swelling, pain, and sometimes more serious complications)

Fungal Infections (Mycoses)

Vietnam’s climate is ideal for the proliferation of fungi responsible for skin mycoses, especially during the rainy season. The most common fungal infections are:

• Pityriasis versicolor: White or brown spots on the skin, itching, flaking, especially on the back, chest, arms, and legs

• Ringworm: Red patches with clear edges, sometimes blisters, intense itching, possible spread if scratched

• Intertrigo: Irritation and maceration in skin folds (armpits, groin, between the toes), common among those working in water or humid environments

• Nail fungus: Thickened, discolored, brittle nails, sometimes painful, can spread from one nail to another or to surrounding skin

Other Climate-Related Problems

Humidity and heat can also cause:

• Folliculitis (infections of hair follicles)

• Pyodermatitis (bacterial skin infections)

• Impetigo (especially in children)

• Acne and heat rashes, especially in children and people with sensitive skin

Why Are These Diseases So Common?

• Tropical climate: Alternating heat, sudden rains, and constant humidity

• Heavy sweating: Sweat stagnates on the skin, creating an environment conducive to fungi and bacteria

• Sometimes insufficient hygiene: Especially in rural areas or after prolonged contact with dirty water

• Contact with animals or contaminated objects: Towels, clothing, bedding, pets

How to Recognize a Fungal Infection or Skin Problem

• Red, round patches with clear edges, sometimes with blisters on the edges

• Intense itching, burning sensations

• Peeling skin, white or brown spots

• Thickened, deformed, yellowish, or brittle nails

• Oozing, crusts, sometimes pus or pain if the lesion becomes infected

Prevention Tips

• Keep skin clean and dry, especially in folds (armpits, groin, between the toes)

• Wash and dry feet and hands well after contact with water or sweat

• Wear cotton or breathable fabrics, change socks daily

• Avoid sharing towels, clothes, or bedding

• Disinfect wounds or scratches quickly

• Consult a doctor quickly if you have persistent itching, red patches, or spreading lesions

Treatments

• Skin mycoses are generally treated with antifungal creams (ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, etc.)

• In case of significant involvement or nail fungus, oral treatment may be necessary, sometimes for several months

• For dermatitis, avoid allergens and apply soothing creams or corticosteroids if needed

• Do not use medications without medical advice, especially corticosteroids, which can worsen fungal infections

• Consult a dermatologist if in doubt or if symptoms persist

Key Takeaways

Vietnam, with its hot and humid climate, exposes you to many skin problems and fungal infections, especially during the rainy season.

Good hygiene, suitable clothing, and vigilance for early signs help limit the risks. If in doubt, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Practical Advice for Staying Healthy

• Food hygiene: Prefer well-cooked foods, avoid tap water, peel fruits, and wash your hands regularly.

• Mosquito protection: Use repellents, wear long clothes, sleep under a mosquito net if possible.

• Vaccines: Consult a doctor before departure to check recommended vaccines (hepatitis, typhoid, Japanese encephalitis, rabies depending on your stay).

• Avoid self-medication: Do not buy medicines on the street.

• Health insurance: Take out insurance covering medical expenses and medical evacuation.

• General safety: Vietnam is generally safe, but beware of petty crime, especially in big cities.

Ideal Scooter Pharmacy Kit

To travel safely, it is advisable to have a small pharmacy kit in your scooter. Here’s what it can contain:

First aid supplies

• Bandages of different sizes

• Sterile compresses

• Antiseptic wipes or small disinfectant bottle

• Elastic bandages

• Adhesive tape

• Pair of blunt scissors

• Tweezers

• Disposable gloves

• Survival blanket

Basic medications

• Paracetamol or ibuprofen (pain, fever)

• Antidiarrheal

• Antinausea

• Antihistamine (allergies, bites)

• Anti-inflammatory cream or gel

• Saline solution in doses

• Eye drops if needed

Prevention and comfort

• Mosquito repellent

• Sunscreen

• Thermometer

• First aid instructions

Remember to check the expiration date of medications, adapt the kit to your personal needs, and keep it in a sturdy, waterproof container.

Bacterial Skin Infections

Bacterial infections (impetigo, folliculitis, abscess, anthrax) are caused by bacteria entering through micro-wounds, burns, bites, or irritations. They manifest as:

• Redness, inflammation, pain, sometimes oozing or pus

• Lesions that can spread or worsen

Treatment is based on hygiene (antiseptic soap), sometimes a lotion or local antibiotic ointment.
If the involvement is deep or extensive, the doctor may prescribe an oral antibiotic. It is imperative to consult a doctor in case of fever, rapid worsening, burns, immune system involvement, or signs of spreading.

Herpes and Other Viral Infections

Herpes (oral or genital) is a contagious disease caused by the Herpes simplex virus. It causes:

• Painful blisters, itching, burning

• Lesions on mucous membranes or skin

Herpes treatment is based on antivirals (acyclovir), as a cream or orally depending on severity. Antibiotics are useless against viruses. It is advisable to consult a doctor for an appropriate prescription and to avoid contact with lesions to limit contagion.

Allergies, Irritations, Psoriasis, and Pruritus

Humidity, heat, certain soaps or cosmetics can cause allergies, irritations, or inflammation of the epidermis. Psoriasis, a chronic disease, can also worsen due to the climate.

To relieve:

• Use a soothing lotion or cream (sometimes with corticosteroids on prescription)

• Prefer mild soaps, avoid aggressive products

• Essential oils (tea tree, lavender) can be used as a complement, but always with caution and after medical advice

• In case of intense pruritus, an antihistamine or suitable ointment may be prescribed

• Consult a doctor in case of persistent lesions, significant inflammation, or suspected psoriasis

Practical Advice and the Pharmacist’s Role

• Hygiene: Wash with a mild soap, dry moist areas carefully (folds, scalp, feet)

• Prevention: Wear breathable clothing, change socks daily, avoid walking barefoot in public places

• Local remedies: Pharmacies in Vietnam offer many skin medications, but it is important to seek advice from a qualified pharmacist, especially for antibiotics or antifungals

• Immune system: A weakened immune system increases the risk of skin infection; adopt a balanced diet and protect yourself from stress

• Burns and wounds: Disinfect any wound or burn quickly, watch for redness, flaking, or itching

• Consult a doctor: In case of doubt, extensive involvement, fever, severe burn, lesions on mucous membranes, or if local treatments are insufficient, consult a doctor who can prescribe an appropriate treatment

Can You Buy Complete Pharmacy Kits in Vietnam?

In Vietnamese pharmacies, it is easy to find all the necessary items to make up a first aid kit: bandages, disinfectants, basic medications, etc.

However, ready-made kits are rare. It is therefore advisable to assemble your own kit or buy one before departure. Don’t forget to bring your personal treatments and ask your doctor for advice.

FAQ: Health and Safety in Vietnam

Are Vietnamese hospitals reliable?
In big cities, some hospitals are modern and well equipped. In rural areas, facilities are often limited.

What are the main health risks?
Mosquito-borne diseases, foodborne infections, and rabies are the main risks.

What should you do in case of an accident in a rural area?
Contact local emergency services and quickly get to a city hospital if the injury is serious.

Is tap water drinkable?
No, you should use bottled or purified water.

Should you protect yourself against mosquitoes?
Yes, it is essential to avoid dengue, malaria, and Zika.

Can you buy a complete first aid kit in Vietnam?
It is better to assemble your own kit, as ready-made kits are rare.

In summary, Vietnam is a fascinating destination, but it is important to take some precautions to travel safely. Prepare well, stay alert, and fully enjoy your stay!

Skin FAQ

Which medicines should you use for skin itching?
To soothe itching, there are specific creams or lotions, sometimes with antihistamines or corticosteroids (on prescription). If the cause is bacterial or fungal, an appropriate medicine (antibiotic or antifungal) may be needed. Seek advice from a healthcare professional or pharmacist.

What are the main causes of skin rashes and discomfort?
Skin rashes can be due to allergies, bacterial infections, fungi, dermatitis, dry skin, or inflammatory diseases like urticaria. It is important to identify the cause to adapt the treatment.

What should you do in case of itching or lesions in the genital area?
Itching or lesions in the genital or vaginal area can be linked to infections (fungal, bacterial), allergies, or dryness. Avoid scratching, consult a doctor or dermatologist for a precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

How to recognize dermatitis or dry skin in infants?
In infants, dry skin, dermatitis, or erythema can cause flare-ups of rashes, itching, and discomfort. Use baby-specific care, avoid allergenic products, and consult a pediatrician if lesions persist or worsen.

Is it serious to scratch skin lesions?
Scratching skin lesions can lead to bacterial superinfection and delay healing. It is better to soothe itching with appropriate care and consult if lesions persist.

What to do in case of scabies or urticaria with intense itching?
Scabies is a highly contagious skin infection that itches a lot, especially at night. It requires specific medical treatment, often prescribed by a doctor. Urticaria, of allergic or inflammatory origin, is treated with antihistamines and soothing care.

Are essential oils effective for soothing itching?
Some essential oils (like lavender or tea tree) can help soothe itching, but they should be used with caution, especially on mucous membranes or genital areas. Always seek professional advice before use.

How to promote healing of skin rashes?
To heal faster, it is important to identify the cause (allergic, bacterial, fungal, inflammatory), avoid scratching, use appropriate treatments (creams, medicines, moisturizing care), and consult a dermatologist if in doubt or if there is no improvement.

When should you consult a dermatology specialist?
Consult a dermatologist if:

• Skin lesions persist or spread

• There are frequent flare-ups of urticaria or dermatitis

• Itching is intense or affects the genital/vaginal area

• There are signs of superinfection (pus, fever, pain)

• Discomfort or inconvenience becomes significant